![[APRA party flag]](../images/p/pe}apra.gif)
Last modified: 2005-12-17 by antonio martins
Keywords: apra | map: south america | globe | earth | star: 5 points (white) | star: dense | pcp | mrta | tupac amaru | firearm: rifle | peru posible | t | sun: incaic | sun: 12 rays | perú 2000 | partido nacionalista |
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Apart from the actual parties, there are also the political platforms.
Since the self-coup staged by President Fujimori in 1992, the Peruvian
parties have became less and less important to candidates, as the last
election showed.
Guillermo Tell Aveledo, 06 Sep 2000
The APRA, founded in the 1920s in Peru, was conceived by his founder,
Victor Raul Haya de La Torre, as to become a political party for the Americas,
based in our realities and not in foreing ideologies. Ultimately, while the
party was non-communist (and condemned as such by the Soviet Union), it had
socialist ideas. Since Haya de La Torre couldn’t succeed in making the
APRA an all-American party, the action of the core of the
APRA focused on Peru (the APRA and the PAP
are pretty much the same).
Guillermo Tell Aveledo, 06 Sep 2000 and 08 Sep 2000
Dark red was the most prominent shade I saw in a book remembering the
late Victor Raul Haya de la Torre, leader of the APRA and the Peruvian
Aprist Party (PAP). However, I’ve seen pictures
of the APRA and PAP’s flags with regular red — if there’s such
a thing.
Guillermo Tell Aveledo, 08 Sep 2000
![[PAP party flag]](../images/p/pe}pap2.gif)
The shade of red is brighter and the ratio is smaller (≅2:3 vs.
≅1:2) than in the other flag.
António Martins, 15 Nov 2003
I believe that this is the current flag. The red one was used years ago and now, if used, must be less used than the white version. I have at least other photo or two and also show the white version. The party logo is also now red on white background.
I can speculate that they tried to appear more centrist changing the revolutionary and leftist flag (and ideology) to a more centrist flags (and ideology). Furthermore red was the color of the Senderist and [aprist] García was the president under whom the senderist expanded and controlled the andean region, and was next president Fujimori [non-aprist] who moved the senderist revolt to a focalized conflict of low intensity, and people can be confused with two red flags.
Jaume Ollé, 19 Nov 2003
Two variants of this party flags can be seen at
http://cerna.hem.netlink.se/formula.jpg
(broken link as of 22 Feb 2005, Ivan Sache).
Party logo at: http://cerna.hem.netlink.se/stjarna.gif
(broken link as of 22 Feb 2005, Ivan Sache).
Dov Gutterman, 17 Apr 2000
![[PAP party flag]](../images/p/pe}pap.gif)
Since Haya de La Torre couldn’t suceed in making the
APRA an all-American party, the action of the core of
the APRA focused on Peru; the P.A.P. became a member of the International
Socialist. After almost 60 years in the opposition (to sometimes cruel
governments), the Partido Aprista Peruano (also called, more easily, as
APRA — the APRA and the PAP are pretty much the
same), it reached higher platitudes whe it won the Presidency of Peru in the
1980s. It has not won a Presidential Election since.
Guillermo Tell Aveledo, 06 Sep 2000 and 08 Sep 2000
Dark red was the most prominent shade I saw in a book remembering the
late Victor Raul Haya de la Torre, leader of the APRA
and the Peruvian Aprist Party (PAP). However, I’ve seen pictures of the
APRA and PAP’s flags with regular red — if there’s such a thing.
Guillermo Tell Aveledo, 08 Sep 2000
![[PCP party flag]](../images/p/pe}pcp.gif)
Seen yesterday in Euronews in a demonstration in Lima, Peru, this red flag
with white "PCP" initials is probably the flag of the Peruvian Communist
Party (Partido Comunista Peruano) (seems to be a traditional
communist party, probably close to the Soviet Union in the old days). Or,
perhaps, of the Communist Party of Peru (Partido Comunista del
Peru) (seems to be a maoist party). They both shorten their names to
"PCP".
Jorge Candeias, 21 Mar 2003
![[MRTA flag]](../images/p/pe}mrta.gif)
Tupac Amaru (real name José Condorcanqui) was born in Cuzco in
1741, and after some years declared himself an Inca descendent
(which is unsure). He assembled a number of partisans, and started
a revolt in Tungasuca on 6 November 1780. The attack on Cuzco was a
failure and he was capturated by the spanish army and executed in
Cuzco on 18 May 1782. The Quechua people
remember today the just cause of Tupac Amaru and a marxist indigenous
movement established in 1984 took his name. The militant people
were named "emerretistas", and started the armed strugle in
1987 in the Amazonian Forest.
Jaume Ollé, 08 Dec 1996
Tupac Amaru II (Jose Gabriel Condorcanqui) claimed to be the descendant of Tupac Amaru I, one of the last Inca emperors. In the popular Peruvian imaginative world, Tupac Amaru II represents rebellion and resistance to invasion. However, Tupac Amaru II has always been given a secondary role in the history of the country, dominated by a minority of European origin. Tupac Amaru II reappeared in the 70’s, put forward by the progressist members of the military regime (with socialist tendencies) of general Juan Velasco (1968-1975). In the government palace, a picture of the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarre was replaced by one of Tupac Amaru II, in order to highlight the Inca past of Peru. Since then, several streets in the popular sections of Lima, the capital of Peru, have been named after Tupac Amaru. That name does not appear in the richest sections of the city, including San Isidro, where the Japanese embassy is located. Ivan Sache, 08 Dec 2000
This flag was prominently hung from the windows and railings of the
Japanese Embassy in in Lima, taken over by MRTA on 17 December 1996.
The flag is a tricolor, the design long associated with revolutionary
change and independence. The two outer bands are red, which is the
colour traditionally associated with Marxism and socialist revolution.
David Cohen, 11 Mar 1997
A red-white-red triband sounds a lot like the
national flag of Peru.
Roy Stilling, 11 March 1997
On the central white band are the letters "MRTA" - the
Spanish-language acronym for the group. The head on the flag
depicts Tupac Amaru, an Inca leader who symbolises the Peruvian
people’s struggle against their oppressors. He led an
anti-colonialist rebellion against the Spanish in the 1500’s,
almost succeeding in shaking off Spanish domination of a large
part of South America. He was eventually captured, and drawn and
quartered in Cuzco’s main square.
The stylised V below Tupac Amaru is formed by a star and a
gun - the gun symbolising Tupac Amaru’s belief in armed struggle
to acheive their objectives. The V stands for the word
Venceremos — Spanish for "We shall win!" — Tupac
Amaru’s slogan is «Con las masas y las armas, Patria o
muerte… ¡venceremos!»
David Cohen, 11 Mar 1997
The flag of this group can be seen on these photos:
Logo at: http://burn.ucsd.edu/~ats/MRTA/mrtalogo.gif.
Dov Gutterman, 17 Apr 2000
I know three flags used by the movement:
![[MRTA flag var #1]](../images/p/pe}mrta1.gif)
![[MRTA flag var #2]](../images/p/pe}mrta2.gif)
![[MRTA flag var #3]](../images/p/pe}mrta3.gif)
![[Peru posible flag]](../images/p/pe}pp.gif)
Flag of the platform that supported the main opposition candidate to the
Presidency, Alejandro Toledo. This is a typical logo on bedsheet flag, although
the logo is pretty clever, combining Inca symbols (the yellow “sun”)
with the "T" of Toledo. On the second round to the presidency, other parties
of the opposition rallied for Mr. Toledo, among them the
APRA.
Guillermo Tell Aveledo, 06 Sep 2000
![[Peru 2000 flag]](../images/p/pe}p2k.gif)
This was the platform that supported the candidacy of President Fujimori
for a third term. It used the peruvian colours and the
platform’s very unimaginative logo.
Guillermo Tell Aveledo, 06 Sep 2000
![[PN flag]](../images/p/pe}pnp.gif)
The designer of the flag is Juan José González Sánchez,
member of the Spanish Vexillological Society.
José Alegría, 17 Sep 2003
![[PN emblem]](../images/p/pe}pnp).gif)
